![]() ![]() AF4 can determine the suspension behavior through the separation of different size distributions present in the bulk dispersion and allows quantification studies. (38) However, stability studies on different dispersant matrices have not been yet performed for CB. (36,37) The AF4-UV–vis system was employed to analyze only the size of CB particles used in ink by dispersing CB powder in aqueous media containing polymeric dispersants. #CARBON BLACK DISPERSIO IN WATER TWEEN SERIES#(34,35) AF4 coupled to UV–vis and DLS detectors in series is a very useful technique for characterization of a wide range of particle dispersions allowing their separation and establishing their distribution and stability. For this aim, asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation (AF4) has been demonstrated to be a powerful separation strategy in the characterization and/or determination of several (nano)materials. In this context, electrophoresis has been proposed for quantification studies on biological samples (24) however, size distribution is not defined. Indeed, separation techniques based on different principles are getting more relevance in nanomaterial field in general and in particular for CB characterization and determination. For this aim, a separation technique is needed in order to achieve an accurate particle size distribution. However, CB analysis using the abovementioned techniques is limited since size distribution and composition information are not obtained simultaneously. ![]() These techniques have proven to provide relevant information about important properties of CB. On the other hand, Raman spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy have been used to evaluate chemical structures (32) for characterization of surface modification (30) and nonaqueous dispersions, (33) respectively. Imaging techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (28,29) and optical techniques, mainly dynamic light scattering (DLS), (30,31) have been proposed to determine the physical and morphological properties such as particle size, hydrodynamic diameter, or surface structure. (10,11) In addition, CB is an important material as a support in electrochemical catalytic systems. (8,9) The improvement of nanofibers and nanocellulose composites containing nanofibrils and nanocrystals has also been carried out by using CB. (7) CB is also of use in electrochemical (bio)sensors for environmental contaminants and enzymes. Among these, specific mention can be made of incorporation into rubbery polymers to increase mechanical properties. #CARBON BLACK DISPERSIO IN WATER TWEEN SKIN#CB is used in a variety of essential items (6) such as tires, plastics, food contact specific grades, batteries, high-performance coatings, rubber goods, pipes, agricultural irrigation, mulch films and greenhouse covering, automobile skin contact, wires and cables, and toner and printing inks. Moreover, its versatility, electrical conductivity, and easy functionalization make it one of the most common materials used for improving different industrial products and compounds in several areas. The dilution of the polymeric dispersion with different real water matrices produced a dramatic loss of dispersion stability, this effect being negligible in the case of biological dispersions.ĬB as pigments (4) or nanofillers (5) has given rise to interesting areas of research. min –1 for polymeric and biological dispersants, respectively.AF4 allowed separation of different core-sized CB (40, 69, and 72 nm) according to their hydrodynamic size using cross-flow rates of 0.5 mL The polymeric dispersant provided lower stability as a function of time than that achieved by the biological dispersant. Under the experimental conditions, the results indicated that polymeric and biological dispersions showed size distributions with hydrodynamic diameters of 404 and 175 nm, respectively, for a particle core diameter of 40 nm. Hence, in this study, asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation coupled to UV–vis and DLS detectors in series (AF4-UV–vis-DLS) was studied to evaluate the CB dispersion behavior in polymeric and biological dispersants, given the relevance of these media in practical applications. Characterization of carbon black (CB) nanomaterials is required in industrial and research areas. ![]()
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